the local langlands program and its variants have lead to the study of smooth, admissible representations of p-adic algebraic groups. the degree to which these are understood depends on the field over which the representations are being taken. over a field of characteristic p, the usual dual in the category of smooth representations gives less information: in most cases of interest, it is 0! kohlhaase has defined candidates-the higher duality functors-for a useful replacement. we will go over their properties, and some examples in rank one where they can be computed.